Organic farming, rooted in ecological principles and natural inputs, has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional agriculture, offering multifaceted benefits for sustainable farming systems. This chapter synthesizes agronomic perspectives on the long-term effects of organic soil amendments on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Long-term application of organic inputs such as compost, farmyard manure, green manures, and crop residues enhances soil structure, water retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity—factors critical to sustaining productivity and ecological health.
Moreover, organic systems contribute to carbon sequestration and reduce environmental degradation by minimizing the use of synthetic agrochemicals. Despite their advantages, organic systems face limitations including lower yields, certification barriers, input availability, and vulnerability to climate variability.
Addressing these challenges through policy support, technological integration, and agroecological diversification is essential. This chapter emphasizes the potential of organic amendments to restore soil health, improve resilience, and support climate-smart, sustainable agricultural development globally.
